Unit 1
Useful Expressions
1. make predictions 做预测
2. free time 空闲时间
3. fly rockets to the moon…乘飞船飞往月球
4. on a space station 在太空站上
5. study at home on computers呆在家里通过电脑学习
6. live to be 200 years old 活到200岁
7. fall/be in love with sth./ sb. 爱上某物/某人
8. keep pets 养宠物
9. be able to 能够
10. predict the future 预测未来
11. come true 实现
12. see sb. do sth. 看见sb.做某事(的全过程)
doing sth. 看见sb.正在做某事(片断)
13. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
14. hundreds of 数以百计的
15. try to do sth. 尽力做某事
16. look smart 看上去聪明
17. look for 寻找
18. twenty years from now 从现在算起20年
from now on = in the future 今后
19. do the same things as us我们做同样的事情
20. live alone 一个人住
Key Points
1. Do you think …?
I think (that)….
I don\'t think (that)….
2. study at home on computer
辨析:on,in和with.
on:表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒,乘坐交通工具等;
in:使用语言文字等媒介;
with:借助具体的手段或工具。
Eg. I don\'t want to talk about it on the phone.
Can you speak it in English?
Don\'t write it with a red pen.
3. Will people use money in 100 years?
"in+时间"结构常与一般将来时连用,对其进行提问时用特殊疑问词how soon.
4. before
ago 与过去时连用
5.It\'s+adj./n.+(for sb.)to do sth. 对某人而言做某事是…
Grammar Focus
1. The Simple Future tense
一般将来时的三种基本结构:
⑴ will +V. He will wear a uniform to school next Thursday.
⑵ be going to +V. He\'s going to wear a uniform to school next Thursday.
⑶ be + Ving He\'s wearing a uniform to school next Thursday.
一般将来时的时间状语:in + 时间,in the future,next + 时间,
与tomorrow 相关的时间,this + 时间,from now on,one day…
2. 形容词、副词的比较级用法
less pollution/ time更少的污染/ 时间
fewer people/apartments 更少的人/公寓
more pollution更多的污染
more tall buildings 更多的高楼
Unit 2
1. argue with sb. 与某人争吵
about/over sth. 为某事争吵
3. be out of style/danger 过时/脱离险境
be in style/danger 时尚/处于危险之中
4. call sb.up (代词放中间)给某人打电话
5. keep out 不让…进入
6. , talk about it on the phone 通过电话谈论它
7. be surprised to … 对…感到吃惊
8. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借入某物
9. ask your parents for some money
10. need to do sth. (某人)需要做某事
doing sth. (某物)需要做某事
11. pay … for sth. 为某物付…(钱)
12. the same + n. + as… 与…一样的n.
13. get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽
14. have a fight with sb. 与某人争吵
15. take part in 加入
16. don\'t have any money没有钱
17. as much as possible 尽可能多的…
18. a ticket to a ball game 一张球赛的票
19. too much pressure 太多的压力
20. have free time to relax有空闲时间放松
21. busy enough 足够忙
enough money 足够的钱
22. find it difficult/hard to think for themselves 发现为他们自己着想很难。
KP.
1. Sb. pay …for sth. 某人为某物花了…钱。
Sth. cost sb. … 某物花了某人…钱。
Sb. spend … on sth. 某人花了…(时间、金钱)在某事上。
(in) doing sth. 某人花了…(时间、金钱)做某事。
It takes/took sb. … to do sth. 花了某人…(时间、金钱)做某事。
2. not … until 直到…才… (主句动词是短暂性动词)
3. leave sth.+地点介词短语 She left her keys at home an hour ago.
4.Everyone was invited except me除我之外每个人都被邀请了
5.I don\'t know what to do./ how to do it.
6. The tired children don\'t get home until 7:00 疲惫的孩子们直到七点钟才到家
GF
情态动词
1. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化;
2. 情态动词不能直接做谓语,必须和一个动词原形同时使用;
3. 大多数情态动词没有时态的变化;
4. 情态动词加上be,通常表示猜测的语气。
Unit3
1. in front of ---- behide 在…的前面 ---- 在…的后面(范围外)
in the front of ---- at the back of 在…的前部 ---- 在…的后部(范围内)
2. take off 起飞 / land on降落
3. get out of the shower 刚洗完澡…
4. You are kidding. 胡说八道
5. call the police/TV station 给警察/电视台打电话
6. have an unusual experience 有一次不寻常的经历
7. take place about 30 years ago.发生在30 年前
8. follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事
9. get into 进入
10. shout at 训斥、责备
11. What happen? 发生什么事了?
happen = take place 发生
12. in silence 沉默地
13. at the doctor\'s 在诊所
14. think of 想起 think about 考虑
15. climb up the tree 爬上树
16. run away 逃跑,逃掉
KP
"as + 形容词/副词的原级+as"表示"和…一样"
否定形式:"not as/so + 形容词/副词的原级+as" 表示"和…不一样"
GF
1. The Past Progressive Tense
过去进行时
⑴用法:表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
⑵谓语结构:be ( was, were )+ Ving
⑶时间状语:at that time/moment
at + 点钟 + yesterday/last night
from +点钟 + to +点钟 + yesterday
this time yesterday
just then
when he came in, ….(when引导的时间状语从句是过去时,并且动词是短暂性动词时,主句使用过去进行时)
2. when while
when与while都是从属连词,都有"当……时"的意思。
when 可与一个点的时间或表示一段的时间连用,从句动词可以是短暂性或延续性动词;
while 只指一段时间,。因此while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
3. What an important event it is!
How important the event is!
Unit 4
UE
1. have a surprise party 举办一个惊喜派对
2. be mad at/with sb. for sth. 因为某事对某人发火
be mad about/on sth./sb. 对某事/某人很着迷
3. not … anymore = not … any more = no more 不再
4. first of all 首先
5. pass ( on ) sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
pass on (代词放中间)
6. work on 从事
7. be supposed to = should 计划…
8. be good/better/best at 擅长于…
do well/better/best in
9. report card 成绩单
10. the disappointing result 令人失望的结果
11. this semester 本学期
12. How\'s it going? 你好吗?
How are things going?
13. be in good/poor/bad/ill health 健康状况好/不好/糟糕/病着
14. end-of-year exams 期末考
15. get/be nervous of sth./doing sth. 对某事/做某事感到紧张
16. have a hard time with sth. 在某事上/做某事处境困难
doing sth.
17. It\'s just that… 这只是由于…
18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
doing sth. 忘记做过某事
19. get over 克服
20. for now 至今为止
21. as a volunteer on a one-year-programmer作为一个一年起教育援助计划的志援者
22. open up my student\'s eyes打开我学生的视野
23. care for wild animals in danger 照料,照顾濒临危险的动物
24. last about 22 hours 持续了大约22小时
KP
1. It\'s not right for you to copy other\'s homework.
2. I don\'t think (that) cat can fly.… 我不认为…(否定前置)
GF
1. The object clause
宾语从句
⑴ 引导词:that -- 引导陈述句,在句中可省略;
if,whether --引导一般疑问句,可相互替换(从句中出现or not时只能使用whether);
wh-,h- -- 引导特殊疑问句。
⑵ 时态:
主句 从句
一般现在时 各种时态
一般过去时 相应的过去时态
注意:从句讲述的是客观真理时,不根据主句改变时态。
⑶ 语序:引导词后加陈述句语序
"主句 + 引导词 + 从句主语 + 从句谓语 + 其他"
2. Direct Speech and Reported Speech
直接引语变为间接引语时参照宾语从句的变法,把双引号内的句子变为宾语从句即可。以下是另需变化的两点
⑷ 人称和所有格:" 一主,二宾,三不变 "
⑸ 状语与动词
Unit 5
1. have a great time 过得很愉快
2. wear jeans to the party 穿牛仔裤
3. let sb. in/out/by 让某人进来/出去/过去
4. be late for 迟到
5. be sorry (that)… 感到遗憾
6. organize sth. for … 为…组织某事
7. half (of) the class 半班
8. take away… 把…拿走、没收
bring sth. to … 把某物带来…
take sth. from … 从…把某物带走
9. spent time with sb. 花时间与某人相处
10. make a lot of money 挣许多钱
11. be famous for… 因…而出名
be famous as… 因作为…而出名
12. join = take part in 参加
13. a professional athlete 职业运动员
14. get injured 受伤
15. a great chance 一次好机会
16. all the time 一直
17. travel around the world = travel all over the world 环球旅行
18. make a living (by) doing sth. 做某事谋生
19. complain about sth. 抱怨某事
20. decide to do sth. 决定去做某事
21. in order to do sth. 以便、为了
22. talk on the phone 讲电话
KP
1. too much + 不可数名词
too many + 可数名词
much too + 形容词
2. against 反对、与…相反、与…对抗
argue against 抵制
GF
1. The Conditional Adverbial Clause
条件状语从句由if或unless引导,表示如果有从句中的动作发生,就会有主句的动作发生。在条件状语从句中,主句是将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时,从句要使用一般现在时表达将来的意思(即:主将从现)。
if:如果
Eg. We will have a meeting tomorrow if Mr. Gao doesn\'t leave for Shanghai.
If it rains tomorrow, he will stay at home.
八年级英语下册units 6--10
重点句子讲解
1. Why don’t you get her a scarf for her birthday ? 为什么不在她生日时给她买条围巾呢?Why not ?
get sb. sth. for … 为了… 给某人买某物
= get sth. to sb. for…
注意：当sth. 是代词时，不可使用第二种用法。
2. That’s not interesting enough. 那不够有趣。
enough有两种词性：当它用来修饰形容词、副词时，作为副词，应放在所修饰的词之后，如上句;当它用来修饰名词时,应放在名词之后，如：I don’t have enough time to spend with her.
3. What’s the best gift (that) Joe has ever received? Joe曾经受到的最好的礼物
是什么?
4. What a lucky guy! 幸运的家伙!
5. I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child. 我认为对于一个六岁的孩子一条狗会是一个好礼物。
6. Dogs are too difficult to take care of. 狗很难照料。
7. The trendiest kind of pet these days is the pot-bellied pig. 近来最流行的宠物是大腹便便的猪。
8. Life with a pig isn’t always perfect. 和一只猪在一起生活并不总是完美的。
9. Now she’s too big to sleep in the house. 现在她太大了不能睡在屋子里。
too… to …：太…以致于不能…
= so… that 主语 can’t ….
e.g. He is too young to go to school.
= He is so young that he can’t go to school.
= He isn’t old enough to go to school.
= He is very young and he can’t go to school.
注意：too…to…是一个简单句，而so…that…是一个复合句。并且当复合句中的主句主语和从句主语不同时，在句型中要用for sb.来表述。如：
The digital camera is so expensive that we can’t buy it.
= The digital camera is too expensive for us to buy.
= The digital camera isn’t cheap enough for us to buy.
= The digital camera is very expensive and we can’t buy it.
10. My shoes were really cheap. They only cost $5. 我的鞋子真的很便宜。只要花5美圆。
cost：花费(金钱)主语为物;
pay：花费(金钱)主语为人;
take：：花费(时间、金钱)主语为物;
spend ：花费(时间、金钱)主语为人。
语法
1. Why don’t you get her a scarf?
= Why not get her a scarf? 为什么不给她买条围巾呢?
How/What about doing sth.? 做…怎么样呢?
How/What about + (a/an) + n.? …怎么样呢?
2. Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介不介意做(不做)…?
= Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 请你做(不做)…好吗?
注意：7、8两个单元学习的几种礼貌的提出建议的方式要重点、综合复习。注意他们的搭配。
Unit 9
重要短语
1. hear of 听说 hear from 收到…的消息/来信
2. take a ride 兜风
3. end up 结束
4. argue with sb. 与某人争吵
5. roller coaster 过山车
6. a flight attendant 一个机组乘务员
7. in fact 事实上
8. all over the world 全世界
9. think about 考虑 think of 想起;认为
10. rather than 宁可;而不是
11. neither…nor… 既不…也不…
12. three quarters of 四分之三
13. for example 举个例子
14. such as 例如
15. on the one hand,… on the other hand,…. 一方面…，另一方面…
16. be asleep 睡着(状态) fall asleep 睡着(动作)
重点句子
1. Have you ever been to a water park? 你曾经去过水上公园吗?
No, I haven’t. 不，我没有。
Me neither. = Neither/Nor have I. 我也没有。
这是一个否定的省略句。它的结构是“ Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”。而用在肯定的省略句中时要使用so，它的结构是“So+ be动词/助动词/情态动词”。如：
-- I paid 20 yuan for this book.
-- So did I.
2. The roller coaster is themed with Disney characters.
过山车是以迪斯尼的人物为主题的。
3. The boats take different routes, but they all end up in the same place.
虽然船的路线不同，但它们都停泊在同一个地方。
4. It’s just so much fun in Disneyland.
迪斯尼乐园里有如此之多的乐趣。
5. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
只是因为我能说英语，我得到了这份工作。
6. More than three quarters of the population are Chinese.
超过四分之三的人是中国人。
7. This is because the island is so close to the equator. So you can choose to go whenever you like. 就因为这个岛是如此接近赤道。所以只要你愿意你任何时候都可以去。
语法
1. 现在完成时
(1) 用法：动作到现在已经完成或刚刚完成;
过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的结果和影响;
过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
(2) 基本结构：have/has + V.过去分词
(3) 时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, for a long time, for + 一段时间, since + 过去的时间点/过去时的从句，等。
(4) 注意事项:
A. 现在完成时是现在的时态,重点表达目前的结果和状态;
B. 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在用for + 时间段, since +点时间连用。对for与since短语提问用how long。
C. 现在完成时从不与when引起的疑问句联用。
D. have been to：去过…
have gone to：去了…
have been in：呆在…
E. 短暂性动词变为延续性动词：
buy --- have had borrow --- have kept
join --- have been in / have been a member of
become --- have been a member make friends --- have been friends
die --- have been dead get to know --- have known
come/go to do --- have done catch a cold --- have had a cold
begin/start to do --- have done
begin / start --- have been on
enter / come / arrive / get to / reach --- have been in/at
go / leave for / set off / set out --- have been away from
2. since，for在现在完成(进行)时中的用法差异
(1) since 后接过去的时间点或一般过去时的从句。
He has been an English teacher since three years ago.
We have known each other since we came to study in this university.
(2) for后接时间段
He has lived here for three years.
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。
而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：
He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里)
He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。(并不涉及他现在是否住在这里)
Unit 10
重点短语
1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
2. look through 浏览
3. cross a busy street = go/walk across a busy street 穿过一条繁忙的街道
4. think of 想起、认为
5. come along 出现，发生
6. get along/on … with sb. 与某人相处的…
7. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
8. have a birthday party 举办一个生日聚会
9. on Saturday night 在周六的晚上
10. at least 至少
11. at the school dining room 在学校的餐厅里
知识点
1. I hope so. 我希望如此。
so为代词，用来表示赞同前面所提及的内容。除了hope以外，还有think，believe，suppose，be afraid等，可与so连用。如：
Do you think it will rain this afternoon? 你认为下午会下雨吗?
I think/believe/suppose/hope/am afraid so. 我想/相信/猜/希望/恐怕会。
注意：用来表示不赞同前面所提及的内容，有两种不同的方法，不可混用。如：
I don’t think so. 我不这么想。
I hope/suppose/am afraid not. 我希望/猜/恐怕不会这样。
2. How much did that shirt cost? 那件衬衫多少钱?
3. I feel like part of the group now. 现在我感觉像是他们中的一员了。
4. Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place. 有像你这样的一些朋友，使得我在新的地方很快就适应了。
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