2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修四odule 1
知识详解
1 alternative adj. 替换的；供选择的
n． 可供选择的事物
(回归本P2)alternative energy 可替代能
归纳总结
例句探
①Try to arrange play dates for the children as an alternative to TV viewing.
设法给孩子们安排做游戏的时间，代替看电视。
②(牛津P56)Do you have an alternative solution?
你有没有别的解决办法？
③(朗P57)I had no alternative but to report him to the police.除了向警察举报他，我别无选择。
④As natural resources are limited on earth，we will have to use alternative energy.
由于地球上的自然资是有限的，我们将必须运用可替代性能。
即境活用
1．(高考湖北卷)As there is less and less coal and oil，scientists are exploring neays of making use of________energy，such as sunlight，wind and water for power and fuel.
A．primary B．alternative
C．instant D．unique
解析：选B。句意是：由于煤和石油越越少，科学家正在开发新的利用可替代能的方法，比如利用阳光、风和水发电和做燃料。根据句意可知此处要用alternative表示“可替代的”。primary主要的；instant立即的；unique独特的。
2.(南京市届高三上学期期末)The new airport is built close to the freeway，and it is________by Bus No.2.
A．accessible B．available
C．alternative D．abundant
解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。句意“新机场建的离高速公路很近，并且乘二路公共汽车可以到达。”accessible“能接近的；可进入的”；available“有空的，有用的”；alternative“可替代的”；abundant“大量的；丰富的”。
2 attach vt. 系，贴，附上；连接，参加；使附属，使隶属
(回归本P2)Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using hightech cameras attached to their head.
通过系在头上的高科技照相机，行动不便的老年人和身体有残疾的人都能周游世界。
归纳总结
例句探
①Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
申请表上请贴一张近照。
②A printer was attached to the computer.
一台打印机连在电脑上。
③This middle school is attached to a teachers’ college.
这所中学附属于一所师范院校。
④People attached too much importance to economic forecasts.
人们把经济预测看得过于重要。
即境活用
3.Dr. Carlos was ________to painting，so he was determined to take it up after he retired.
A．attached B．devoted
C．absorbed D．related
解析：选A。be attached to sth.“依恋，爱恋”。
4．(高考江西卷)Parents________much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A．attach B．pay
C．link D．apply
解析：选A。句意：父母认为教育很重要。他们会尽全力给他们的孩子那份无价的礼物。本题考查动词短语搭配。attach much importance to...认为……很重要；link...to...把……与……联系起；apply...to运用，应用
3 charge vt. 收费，要价；控告；给……充电
n． 费用；指责；控告；责任
(回归本P2)All forms of recreation，such as cinemas，bowling，softball，concerts and others，will be provided free of charge by the city.
所有的娱乐形式，如电影院、保龄球、垒球、音乐会和其他的都由该市政府免费提供。
归纳总结
例句探
①He charged me 1.5 yuan for mending the watch.
他要我付了一元五角修表费。
②Your order will be delivered free of charge within a tenmile limit.
在10英里范围之内，您的定货将免费送货上门。
③(牛津P320)He was charged with murder.
他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
④A majority of working women remain in full charge of their homes.
大多数有了工作的妇女的家庭仍然完全由她们照管。
⑤He is charging a car battery.
他正在给汽车的电池充电。
即境活用
5．(湖北黄冈中学模拟)Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved if fares________on public transport were more reasonable.
A．offered B．spent
C．paid D．charged
解析：选D。动词辨析。charged on public transport是过去分词短语做后置定语。句意是：针对公共交通收取的费用合理就能缓解城区的拥堵。
6.One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living________.
A．bills B．expenses
C．prices D．charges
解析：选B。句意为“一个月1,000美元不是一笔财富，但是能帮助我支付我的生活费用”。A项意为“账单”；B项意为“花费，费用”，指的是各种可能的“开支，消费，收费”；C项意为“价格”；D项意为“索价，要价”。根据句意答案应选B。
4 command n． 命令；指令；掌握；司令部
vt.& vi. 命令，指挥控制，支配；博得；俯瞰
(回归本P2)In the future all shopping will be done online，and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders.
将所有的购物将会在网上进行，商品目录将会有语音指令排序。
归纳总结
例句探
①The army is under the king’s command.
军队由国王直接统率。
②The general commanded his men to attack the city.
将军下令他的部下攻城。
③y boss commanded that I (should) get there at once.
老板命令我立即去那里。
④The fire officer took command，ordering everyone to leave the building.
消防员开始指挥大家离开大楼。
即境活用
7．If you have a good________of English，you’ll get a wellpaid job very easily.
A．control B．improvement C．command D．demand
解析：选C。句意：如果你精通英语，就会很容易地找到一份高薪工作。此处用have a good command of表示“精通”。control控制；improvement改善；demand需要，均不符合题意。
8.Captain Cook commanded that all the goods________into the sea.
A．should throw B．be thrown C．threw D．should thrown
解析：选B。command后跟宾语从句应用虚拟语气，再根据goods和throw之间应是被动关系，should又可省略，所以选be thrown。
5 for sure 肯定地，确实
(回归本P2)No one knows for sure，and making predictions is a risky business.
没有人确切地了解，预测也是一很冒险的事。
归纳总结
例句探
①He will be here for sure within an hour.
他一小时之内肯定能到这儿。
②(牛津P2032)ake sure (that) no one finds out about this.
绝对不要让任何人发觉这事。
③You can be sure of one thing—there’ll be a lot of laughs.
你有一点可以肯定——将会笑声不断。
④Be sure to ring and let us know you’ve got back safely.
一定要个电话，让我们知道你已经平安返回。
即境活用
9．any of the students are________that they will pass the college entrance examination.
A．surely B．sure C．able D．certainly
解析：选B。be sure that...“对……有把握”。
10.It is________that he will come on time.
A．certainly B．surely C．certain D．sure
解析：选C。sure的主语一般是表示“人”的词，而certain 的主语既可以是“人”，也可以是“物”。
6 run out 用光，耗尽；暂时离开
(回归本P2)In the future，care for the environment will become very important as earth’s natural resources run out.
将，爱护环境将会很重要，因为地球的资将濒临枯竭。
归纳总结
例句探
①He is always running out of money before payday.
他老是发工资的日子还没到就把钱花完了。
②We shall run out of town for the weekend.
我们将暂时离开城里去度周末。
③We are running out of our supplies soon.
我们的供给很快就耗尽了。
易混辨析
run out(of)，give out，use up
这三个短语都有“用光，用尽”的含义。
(1)run out是不及物动词短语，后面不能跟宾语，run out of是及物动词短语，其后可以跟宾语。
(2)give out含有“耗尽，筋疲力尽”之意，是不及物动词短语。
(3)use up意为“用完，耗尽”，是及物动词短语，常用人作主语。
①Could I have a cigarette？I seem to have run out of them.
②Scientists predict that the world’s oil supply will soon give out/run out.
③He has used up all his energy.
即境活用
11.—I’m still working on my project.
—Oh，you’ll miss the deadline.Time is________.
A．running out B．going out C．giving out D．losing out
解析：选A。run out(时间、金钱等的)耗尽；give out意为“精疲力竭”，由句意可知A项正确。
12．(江苏南通第三次模拟)en will________all the natural resources if they continue consuming them like that.
A．run out B．wipe out C．drop out D．hold out
解析：选B。动词短语wipe out“消除；清除”。run out是不及物动词短语，这里有宾语all the natural resources，故不能使用。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 I’m too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future！(P8)
我现在忙于享受生活而无暇担忧未。
【句法分析】 (1)too...to do sth.“太……而不能做某事”是一个表示否定意义的句型。
(2)某些形容词与too...to...句型连用时，too(＝very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。
(3)如在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，“too...to”结构表示肯定意义，此时too带有赞赏的感情色彩。
(4)“too...to...”结构和never，not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。
①You are too young to understand such things.
你太年轻了，不懂得这些事情。
②The problem is too difficult for me to work out.
这道题太难了，我做不出。
③He is too willing to follow others’ advice.
他极愿意接受别人的意见。
④She will be only too pleased to help you.
她会很乐意帮助你的。
⑤It’s never too late to learn.
活到老，学到老。
即境活用
13．完成句子
①They reached the railway station ________________the train.
他们到火车站太晚了，没赶上火车。
答案：too late to catch
②He was ________________the result of his examination.他急于想知道考试的结果。
答案：too anxious to know
2 【教材原句】 Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.(P2)
每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。
【句法分析】 (1)“no matter＋疑问词．..”引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论……”，可与“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句互换。
①No matter how hard he tried，he couldn’t get her to change her mind.
不管他怎样努力，也没能使她改变主意。
②y parents always waited up for me，no matter what time I got home.
无论我什么时候回家，父母总是(不去睡觉)等着我。
(2)where/when/how＋ever 只引导让步状语从句，所以完全等同于no matter＋where/when/how，而who/whom/what/which＋ever除引导让步状语从句外还可引导名词性从句。引导名词性从句时，who/whom/what/which＋ever不能转换为no matter＋who/whom/what/which。这时的whatever意为“所有的一切人和事”，相当于anything that；whoever意为“任何……的人”，相当于anyone who；whichever意为“……的那个人或事物”，相当于the person or the thing that。
③No matter what(whatever)happened，he would not mind.
无论发生什么，他都不会介意。
④No matter where (wherever) you go，you will find many kind people who want to help others.
无论你去哪儿，你都会发现有很多乐意帮助别人的好心人。
⑤Whoever wants to visit the museum，he must ask our teacher for permission.
无论谁想去参观博物馆，都需经我们老师同意。(此句中whoever可改为no matter who。)
⑥Whoever wants to visit the museum must ask our teacher for permission.(此句中whoever引导主语从句，不可用no matter who替换。)
即境活用
14．________hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A．Whatever B．Whenever C．Wherever D．However
解析：选D。句意：无论我多饿，看我都吃不了那大片面包。A项无论什么事，常与名词连用或引导名词性从句；B项无论什么时候；C项无论在哪；D项无论多么或怎样，常与形容词或副词连用，故选D。
15.________well prepared you are，you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A．However B．Whatever C．No matter D．Although
解析：选A。句意：无论你做的准备多么充分，在爬时，你仍会需要很多运气。however well prepared you are＝no matter hoell prepared you are，引导让步状语从句。
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