定语从句
【2012年高考命题预测】
定语从句也是高考英语的重要语法，是历年考查的热点。2012年高考对定语从句的考查主要体现在：1、关系代词that和which的区别；2、关系代词which和as的区别；3、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句；4、定语从句与其他从句的区别。
【重难点突破】
【概述】定语从句是一种作定语用的从句，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词；定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。
⒈ 定语从句要跟在先行词的后面。
⒉ 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
⒊ 引导定语从句的关系词有两种：
　　关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等
　　关系副词：when, where, why 等
⒋ 关系词的作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中作成分。
一、定语从句中关系词的使用：
⒈ 如果修饰人，一般用关系代词who, whom, whose 或that。在定语从句中作主语的一般用who或that, 作宾语的一般用whom, who或that, 作定语并具有物主性质的用whose。（在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可省略）关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
（2011?四川卷）17．The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays．【B】
A．which B．whose C．when D．where[来源:Zxxk.Com]
（2011?福建卷）24．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other．【A】
A．which B．where C．what D．who
⒉ 如果修饰事物，用关系代词which 和that，作宾语时可省略。作介词宾语时，如果介词位于关系代词之前，则用which (不能省) ，而不用that（关系代词that既能代人，又能代物）。whose也可用来指物（此时可用of which来代替），在定语从句中作定语。
（2011?全国新课标卷）31．The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination．【C】
A．that B．which C．whose D．what
（2011?江西卷）34．She showed he visitors around the museum, the construction______ has taken more than three years．【C】
A．for which B．with which C．of which D．to which
3. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，有时也可用介词+which来代替。
（2011?天津卷）10．The days are gone _____ physical strength was all you needed to make a living．【A】
A．when B．that C．where D．which[来源:学科网ZXXK]
4. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，有时也可用介词+which来代替。
（2011?陕西卷）11．I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 【B】
A．which B．where C．who D．that
5. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，常可用for+ which来代替。
　Do you know the reason why/for which he came so late?　
判断关系代词与关系副词
　 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
　 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
　 I\'ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
　 判断改错：
　 （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
　 （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
　 （对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited la st year.
　 （对） I\'ll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.
　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
　 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
　　在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
　　而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句与主句的关系密切，对先行词有修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意义将不完整或失去意义；非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不太密切，只对先行词有附加说明作用，如去掉，主句的意思仍完整；限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰的先行词可是名词，名词词组或代词；而非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可修饰主句的某一个词，也可以修饰整个句子。另外，在关系词的使用上：限制性定语从句作宾语时可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中不可省略；限制性定语从句中可用that，而非限制性定语从句中不可使用that。
（2011?浙江卷）8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently ．【A】
A．which B．what C．them D．those
（2011?湖南卷）25．Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ____ she spoke fluently. 【C】
A．who B．whom C．which D．that
（2010重庆）28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. 【C】
A. where B. whichC. whose D. that
（10全国Ⅱ）16. I refuse to accept the blame for something _____was someone else’s fault. 【B】
A. who B. that C. as D. what
定语从句的常见考点：
⒈ one of + the +复数名词　后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况：
跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致，通常用复数。但如果这一结构前面有the only之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式。
This is one of the books that are required for study at school.
He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.
⒉ 定语从句中用that而不用which的情况：
1）、先行词是不定代词时，如：everything, anything, any, something, little, much等。
We should do all that is useful to the people.
2）、先行词被all, every, no, some, any, much等词修饰时。
I have read all the books that you gave me.　。
3）、先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.　
4）、先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that I want to find.　
5）、先行词既有人又有物时。
They are talking about the factory, the leaders and the workers that they visited yesterday.
6）、主句是以who 或which 开头的疑问句时。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
7）、关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时。
My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.　
⒊ 定语从句中宜用which而不用that 的情况：
1）、当关系代词前面有介词时。
Is this the room in which he lives?　
2）、在非限制性定语从句中。
（2011?浙江卷）8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently ．【A】
A．which B．what C．them D．those
3）、当关系代词后面有插入语时。
Here is the English grammar book which, as I had told you, will help improve your English.
在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系词用了that，另一个宜用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened to us.　　
给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的一本小说。
⒋ 关系代词as 和which的选用：
在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面，而which引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面；在意义上，as定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如…，就象…”，而which定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which从句是对主句的评论。
The room hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty.
He was late again, as we had expected.　　他又迟到了，正如我们所料。
另外，在such…as…, the same…as…, as…as, so…as等结构中，as引导定语从句，此时不能用which代替。(这种定语从句常采用省略形式)
I have never seen such a lazy man as you.我从来没见过你这样懒的人。
Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.　这个大石块太大没人能把它举起来。
⒌ 先行词为situation、case、occasion、point时，常用where引导定语从句。
Can you point out a situation where this word can be used?　你能指出这个单词使用的场合吗
You have got to the point where a change is needed.　你已经发展到非改不可的地步了。
⒍ 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词要和先行词的性、数保持一致。
（2011?山东卷）32．The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other．【D】
A．they B．whereC．what D．that
⒎ 定语从句中不要重复了关系代词或关系副词所替代的部分。
误：Thi s is the place that I have visited it.　
这就是我参观过的那个地方。
应去掉it, 因that 代替先行词the place 在定语从句中作visit的宾语，再加it就是多余的了。
⒏ 定语从句中不要加多余的关系副词或介词。
误：The house where he lives in needs repairing.
应删去关系副词where, 因为where在这里的意思是in which, 否则介词in就重复了。或保留where, 删去从句里的in.
由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。如：This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是这个人。This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是这个人。
2. 直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。但若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who，或者省略不同。如：这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。(which不能换成that，也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。(which可以换成that，也可以省略)
3. 关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。如： That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住过的房子。That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必须道歉的原因。4. 在很正式的文体中，“介词
4. +关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。如：在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (较正式)正：There the children had a garden to play in. (较口语化)注：这类“介词+关系代词++不定式”结构中的介词不能没有，也不能放在句末。如不能说There the children had a garden which to play in.
定语从句关系词省略的6种情形
定语从句中关系词省略的6种情形关系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略。
一、关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如：在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如：Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗? Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?
二、关系代词作表语时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。如：China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)
三、关系代词作宾补时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时，可以省略。如：I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。(that作宾语补语)
四、关系副词when的省略用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)也可换成。如：That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国了。I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。
五、关系副词where的省略用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时？
六、关系副词why的省略关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略。如：That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came.
这就是他来的原因。
Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。 absent, nothing couldn’t be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。
定语从句的考查
一、疑问句中考查定语从句
1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week？
A. where　　B. the one　C. on which　　D. /
【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。
二、倒装句中考查定语从句
2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.
A. which　　B. that　　C. /　　D. where
【解析】正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。
三、 拆分词组和固定搭配
3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.
A. of which　　B. where　　C. to do　　D. that
4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life？
A. which　　B. on which　　C. when　　D. where
【解析】正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of， play a part （in）。
四、添加插入语或状语
5. The scientist has made another discovery， _______ I belie ve is of great importance.
A. that　　B. /　　C. which　　D. why
【解析】应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think （suppose， expect， believe， imagine）， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。
五、插入非谓语动词
6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________
the radio for me？
A. who；repaired　　B. that；repaired
C. whom；repairing　D. that；repair
【解析】D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.
典型高考英语陷阱题详解
1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.
A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were
【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A 、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。
【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一 个由"介词+which"引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was.请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：
（1） Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.
A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are
（2） The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.
A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
（3） Next month we'll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food.
A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?"
A. that B. which C. where D. what
【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。
【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为"在附近"；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。
【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：
_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。
再比较下面一组题，其中第（1）题选 B，第（2）题选 D：
（1） ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
（2） ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
4. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such ... that ...句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。
【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such ... that ... （如此......以至......）结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such ... that ...，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为"所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩"。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that.比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：
David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
请再做以下试题（答案选D）：
It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.
A. like B. that C. which D. as
5. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses.
【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses.类似地，以下各题也选D：
（1） His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
（2） Ashdown forest, through _______ we'll be driving, isn't a forest any longer.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
（3） This I did at nine o'clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：
（4） George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.
A. that B. him C. them D. whom
（5） Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.
A. that B. who C. them D. whom
（6） I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.
A. that B. who C. them D. whom
6. He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
【陷阱】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students.
【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of... 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。比较以下各题（答案均选A）：
（1） He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
（2） He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.
A. them B. which C. what D. that
（3） He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
（4） He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.
A. them B. whom C. which D. who
7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A.比较：
（1） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。
（2） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were.
（3） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。
8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是A.与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：
（1） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选B. whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated.
（2） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选A.因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。
（3） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选A. their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。
（4） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选B. whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat.
（5） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选B. whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting.
9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：
（1） If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.
A. as B. which C. and it D. that
（2） If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
（3） Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.
A. that B. which C. and it D. so
（4） When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
10. She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she's spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where.
【分析】正确答案为A.在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that.比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：
She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
请再做一组试题（答案均选A）：
（1） Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词 bought 的宾语。
（2） Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。
（3） Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。
【高考真题剖析】
（2011?江苏卷）24．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____ the audience can buy ice-cream．
A．WhenB．WhereC．thatD．which
答案【A】考查定语从句。非限定性定语从句____ the audience can buy ice-cream．中不缺少成分，先行词an interval表时间，所以选择A。
（2011?浙江卷）8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently ．
A．which B．what C．them D．those
答案【A】考查定语从句。非限定性定语从句each of____ uses it somewhat differently ．中介词of后缺少宾语。所以选择A。
（2010重庆）28. In china, the number of cities is increa sing ________development is recognized across the world.
A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that
答案【C】考查定语从句。development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。句意是：在中国，城市的数量在增加，城市的发展被全世界意识到。所以选择C。
（10福建）24. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.
A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose24. 答案：B
考点：定语从句
解析：先行词为planet，表示地点，故用where。
（10湖南） 28. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
28. 答案：A
考点：考查定语从句。
解析：该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students，且在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词who，即A项。
（10江西） 31 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.
A where B who C which D what
答案：A
考点：考察定语从句。
解析：先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。
（10山东）24. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. What
答案：C
考点：本题考查定语从句的引导词。
解析：句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。
38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
答案：C
考点：此处考查的是介词加疑问词引导从句
解析：考察介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy which\that
we may return to in the near future.
（10天津）8. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
答案：C.
考点：考查定语从句。
句意：―你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗？―你应该到我去的那家理发店试试，只需要15美元。
解析：句中the barber’s 是先行词，从句中go 是不及物动词，所选关系代词在从句中作状语，所以要用where。
（10四川）10．After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision．
A．that B．which C．when D．where
答案：B
考点：考查定语从句。
解析：此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。句意为：“大学毕业后，我们休假一段时间去旅游，这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”
（10全国Ⅰ）24. As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
24题 答案：A
句意：还是孩子的时候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。
解答：根据选项此题考察从句，空格设置在名词school后，且school后有逗号，此题考察非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school，它在定于从句中做主语，因此使用关系代词，选项中的关系代词只有which和that，由于是非限定性定语从句，不能使用that，因此选择A。
（10江苏）32. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
选D定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙
（陕西）11. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which C. its D . Whose
11. 答案：D.
考点：考查定语从句。[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]
解析：所填词引导定语从句，先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。
（10全国Ⅱ）16. I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what[来源:Zxxk.Com]
答案：B
考点：定语从句。
解析：不定代词something作主语，用that引导。
（10湖北）77. My mother was so proud of all ________（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)
77. 答案：that I had done
考点：定语从句
解析：先行词是 “all”的时候，定语从句只能由 “that”引导，又因为主句是一般过去时，“我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情，所以要用过去完成时。
80. ________(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)
80. 答案：As we have stressed
考点：非限定性定语从句
解析：当句子以整个主句作为先行词，又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由 “as”来引导，主句的内容作定语从句谓语动词的宾语
（北京）27. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
27. 答案：B
考点: 本题考查定语从句关系副词的选择。
解析：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分，为主系表结构，因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的，符合题意。
（重庆）28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.
A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that
28. 答案C
考点：考查定语从句。
解析： development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。句意是：在中国，城市的数量在增加，城市的发展被全世界意识到。
（10浙江）3．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village home s for a better life in the city.
A．whomB．which C．themD．those
答案：A
考点：本题考查定语从句引导词。
解析：由many之后的逗号和选项特征，此处是主从句关系，排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。
真题练习
（09安徽）1. A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.
A. how B. whom
C. when D. which
【答案】C
（09安徽）2. Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
A. their B. whose
C. of them D. with whom
【答案】B
（09北京）3. ―What do you think of teacher ,Bob？
―I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting .
A. where B. which C. when D. that
【答案】B
（09福建）4. It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
【答案】D 考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选D。
（09湖南）5．I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
【答案】D 考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中充当定语，意思为这个城市的名字。
（09江西）6. The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
【答案】B 考查定语从句。The house ( which / that I grew up in ) , 主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。
（09海南）7. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.
A. them B. who
C. whom D. these
【答案】C。 考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。句意为：她带着她的三个朋友，他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。表示“部分的词语+of+关系代词” 在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。
（09山东）8. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who B. which C. when D. that
【答案】B非限制性定语从句，指代前面一个句子，故用which.
（09陕西）9. Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
【答案】C 考查定语从句，先行词是Gun control，指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，选C。
（09四川）10. She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【答案】D 考查定语从句的用法。her stay为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间），when指代her stay在定语从句中做时间状语。
（09天津）11. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]
【答案】C
（09天津）12 I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A. as B. which C. when D. though
【答案】A
（09浙江）13．I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. whichB. whereC. how D. why
【答案】B
（09重庆）14. Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what
C. that D. where
【答案】D
（09全国2 ）15. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
【答案】A 考查非限制性定语从句(这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。
（2011全国卷I） 31．The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination．
A．that B．whichC．whose D．what
（2011全国卷II）7．Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather．
A．this B．that C．what D．which
（2011北京卷）26．Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset．
A．whoB．whichC．whatD．that
（2011上海卷） 39．You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family．
A．whichB．whereC．whenD．as
（2011山东卷）32．The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other．
A．they B．where C．what D．that
（2011江西卷）34．She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years．
A．for whichB．with whichC．of whichD．to which
（2011江苏卷）24．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream．
A．when B．where C．that D．which
（2011安徽卷）28．Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks．
A．when B．which C．where D．while
（2011浙江卷）8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently．
A．which B．what C．them D．those
（2011浙江卷）10．A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain．
A．when B．that C．where D．there
（2011福建卷）24．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other．
A．whic h B．where C．what D．who
（2011四川卷）17．The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays．
A．which B．whose C．when D．where
（2011天津卷）10．The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living．
A．when B．that C．where D．which
（2011陕西卷）11．I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake．
A．which B．where C．who D．that
（2011湖南卷）25．Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently．
A．who B．whom C．which D．that
【巩固练习】
1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.
A. which B. what
C. as D. those
2.Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where
C. in which D. the one
3.Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A. that B. where
C. which D. the one
4.Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that B. where
C. which D. the one
5.The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
A. that B. where
C. in which D. in that
6.The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into
ice.
A. at which B. on that
C. in which D. of what
7.This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..
A. how you have observed B. what you have observed
C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed
8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.
A. because B. why
C. that D. whether
9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.
A. all which B. that
C. all that D. which
10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
A. whose B. of which
C. in which D. on which
11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.
A. as B. that
C. which D. what
12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.
A. which B. it
C. that D. what
13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which B. whom
C. who D. that
14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.
A. who is singing B. is singing
C. sang D. was singing
15. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. learn B. who
C. that learns D. who learn
16. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.
A. that against B. that against
C. who is against D. who are against
17. Didn’t you see the man __________?
A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now
C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now
18. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?
A. that you talked B. you talked about it
C. which you talked with D. you talked about
19. Is there anything __________ to you?
A. that is belonged B. that belongs
C. that belong D. which belongs
20. ---- “How do you like the book?”
---- “It’s quite different from __________ I read last month.”
A. that B. which
C. the one D. the one what
21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except __________ who had already taken them.
A. the ones B. ones
C. some D. the others
22. The train __________ she was travelling was late.
A. which B. where
C. on which D. in that
23. He has lost the key to the drawer __________ the papers are kept.
A. where B. in which
C. under which D. which
24. Antarctic __________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where
C. that D. about which
25. It’s the third time __________ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived
C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
26. It was in 1969 __________ the American astronaut succeeded in
landing on the moon.
A. that B. which
C. when D. in which
27. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never
forget.
A. which B. when
C. on which D. about which
28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ live my grandparents and some relatives.
A. which B. that
C. who D. where
29. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at
C. we stayed D. in that we stayed
30. Is it in that factory __________ “Red Flag” cars are produced?
A. in which B. where
C. which D. that
31. It is the Suez Canal __________ separates Asia __________ Africa.
A. which, to B. where, from
C. that, from D. that, with
32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, __________ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.
A. there B. where
C. it D. which
33. He is not __________ a fool __________.
A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks
C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks
34. Is that the reason __________ you are in favour of the proposal?
A. which B. what
C. why D. for that
35. He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from his skin.
A. that B. as
C. who D. what
36. He has two sons, __________ work as chemists.
A. two of whom B. both of whom
C. both of which D. all of whom
37. I, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. who is B. who am
C. that is D. what is
38. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned.
A. who B. that
C. from which D. from whom
39. ---- Do you know the town at all?
---- No, this is the first time I __________ here.
A. was B. have been
C. came D. am coming
40. I don’t like __________ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
41. The two things __________ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.
A. about which B. of which
C. in which D. for which
42. The dinner was the most expensive meal we __________.
A. would have B. have had
C. had never had D. had ever had
43. Do you know which hotel __________?
A. she is staying B. she is staying in
C. is she staying D. is she staying in
44. There is only one thing __________ I can do.
A. what B. that
C. all D. which
45. Who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used?
A. which B. that
C. where D. in that
46. I have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry.
A. them B. that
C. which D. those
47. They were interested __________ you told them.
A. in which B. in that
C. all that D. in everything
48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, __________ much help for knowing space.
A. which we think it is B. which we think are of
C. of which we think is D. I think which is of
49. The great day we looked forward to __________ at last.
A. come B. came
C. coming D. comes
50. I like the second football match __________ was held last week.
A. which B. who
C. that D. /
参考答案：
1―5 AADBA 6―10 ABCCA 11―15 AADAD
16―20 CDDBC 21―25 ACBDC 26―30 AADAD
31―35 CABCB 36―40 BBDBA 41―45 BDBBC

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