八年级（下）英语学科导学案
Unit9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
(Section B)
教师寄语：Custom makes all things easy.有个好习惯，事事皆不难。
一、学习目标
1) 单词与短语exchange student, attendant, flight attendant, discover, requirement, guide, tour guide
2)目标句型：
1. Where do you want to go?
2. How long have you been doing…?
3. What do you like best about doing sth.?
4. What kind of job do you want?
5. How do/did you do sth.?
3) 语法 现在完成时态。
二、教学重点和难点
1．教学重点：现在完成时态。
2．教学难点：现在完成时态。
三、知识链接
现在完成进行时态。
四、学法指导：
通过小组合作学习，探究讨论，结合导学案及相关资料理解各知识点，掌握本节学习内容。
五、导学过程：
1. 组长带领组员复习现在完成进行时。
2. 组长带领组员通读本from page 71 to 72,理解其含义并完成表格。
3. 组长带领组员熟读3a，并指定堂朗读人选。
4. 组长带领组员找出本(from page 71 to 72)的重要短语、句子。 并指定堂展示人选。
5. Language points：
(一)have been to / have gone to区别
1)have been to表示曾经去过某处，但现在人不在那了。可以和次数连用。
I have been to Beijing. I went there last year.
I have been to Shanghai twice.
如遇到adv.(where, here, there, home, abroad)省略to.
Have you ever been abroad?
Where have you been?
2)have gone to 已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或返回途中，或已在那了。着重指现在人不在这儿，常用于第三人称。
Where has he gone? He has gong to Shanghai.
Practice: Beijing
Sanhe
Shanghai
(二)have been in/at + 地点 + 一段时间
已在某地呆了一段时间，地点为adv.时，省略介词。
He has been in America for 5 years. / a long time.
How long have you been in Sydney?
How long have you been here/there/abroad?
翻译下列句子，其含义：
a)I have been in the hospital for 2 years? ___________________________________
b)I have been to the hospital twice. ___________________________________
c)She has already gone to the hospital. ___________________________________
(三)现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别：
现在完成时态：既涉及过去，又联系现在。动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。主要说明现在的情况。不和表示过去的时间状语连用，如，last year, in 1980等。
一般过去时态: 单纯强调动作发生在过去某一时间，和现在不发生联系，和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I have been to Beijing. I went there last year.
He has lived here since 1980.
He lived here in 1980.
(四)现在完成时态与现在完成进行时态的区别：
have/has been + 现在分词
1)谓语结构不同 have/has + 过去分词
2)现在完成进行时态更强调动作的延续性，它是现在完成时态第二种用法的强调形式。
I have been doing my homework for two hours.
过去开始做，现在尚未完成，还在做，将继续做下去。
I have done my homework for two hours.
过去开始做，现在可能已完成，也可能未完成。
（五）用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time…that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2) It/this/that is the+最高级+名词+that...结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。
*(1) ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
*(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
(六) e，neither./ neither + 助/be/情态动词+同一个主语
e，neither.是口语化的简略回答。一般情况下用Neither have I，为“neither + 助/be/情态动词+同一个主语”结构，neither在此意为“也不……”，同nor;表示主语所做的动作与前面提到过的人或事相同，是为了避免语言重复，其中的助/be/情态动词在时态上与前一句保持一致，而在数上要与其后的主语一致。例如：
— I can’t swim. 我不会游泳。 — Neither can I. 我也不会。
I don’t want to go, neither will I. 我不想去，也不会去。
He didn’t go to school. Neither did she. 他没去上学，她也没去。
若在肯定句中表示“也……”，则要用“so +助/be/情态动词”。
I am a student，so is my sister. 我是学生，我妹妹也是学生。
He can swim，so can I. 他会游泳，我也会。
I feel happy，so does he. 我高兴，他也高兴。
(七) hear，hear of与hear from
(1)hear为及物动词，意为“听见，听到”，后可跟复合宾语，hear sb do sth表示“听见某人做了某事”或hear sb doing sth表示“听见某人正做某事”。
We listened but could hear nothing. 我们留心听，却什么也没有听见。
I heard her singing in her room. 我听见她正在房间里唱歌。
(2)hear还可作“听说”讲，后常跟that引导的宾语从句。
I heard that he was ill. 我听说他病了。
I heard that it’s a good film. 我听说那是部好影片。
(3)hear of意为“听说”，介词短语，后跟人或物作宾语。
I’ve never heard of that place. 我从未听说过那个地方。
Have you ever heard of that story? 你听说过那个故事吗？
(4)hear from意为“收到某人的信”，后跟人作宾语。
How often do you hear from your sister? 你多长时间收到你姐姐的一次信？
I heard from him last week. 我上周收到他的信。
(八)discover, invent, find, find out, look for用法辨析
(1) discover动词,“发现”,指发现已经存在但不为人所知道的事物,有时也指认识到某种情况.
Columbus discovered America in1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
I soon discovered the truth. 不久我便知道了真相。
(2)invent动词,“发明”,表示发明了以前没有或不存在的事物。
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了灯泡。
(3)find动词,“找到，发现”,指通过寻找发现某人、某物,强调的是找的结果
They found the lost boy in the cave。他们在洞里发现了那个走丢的男孩。
He didn’t find his bike. 他没找到他的自行车。
(4)find out意为“找出，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚，弄明白”，通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义，指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。
Read this passage，and find out the answer to this question.
(5)look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。
I don’t find my pen；I’m looking for it everywhere.
He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。
(九)It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
正是因为我会讲英语我才得到了这份工作。
这是一个强调句型，强调原因状语从句。
强调句型的句式是“It+be+被强调成分+that/who/whom+原句其他部分”。
被强调的是简单句的主语、宾语、宾补或状语，不能强调谓语、定语或表语。强调对象是人作主语时可用who，作宾语时用whom，其余一律用that。
Jim shot a bear yesterday.改为强调句型
It was Jim that / who shot a bear yesterday.
It was a bear that Jim shot yesterday.
It was yesterday that Jim shot a bear.
It was at the gate of the school that I met Tom. 正是在校门口我见到汤姆。
It was because he was ill that he didn't come to the school yesterday.
正是因为他病了昨天才没上学。
六、学习小结
我的收获:_________________________________________________
七、达标检测：
A）用所给动词的正确时态填空
1. I __________(finish)today’s homework already. What about you?
2. He ____________ just ____________(decide) to join the swimming club.
3. _______you ____________(see) Jack recently? ——No , I haven’ t.
4. How long ____________ you ____________(be) in class today?
5. How many English words ____________ they ____________(learn)?
6. He ___________ ever ___________ (be) to the History useum several times.
7. — _____________ you ever ___________ (be) to the zoo?
—Yes. I ____ (go) there last summer. I __ (see) many kinds of animals there.
8. —Where is r. Wang?
—He _________ (go) to the library. He wants to borrow some library books.
B)1.How long has his brother_____the book? A.kept B.bought C.lent D.borrowed
2. I’ve never seen such a fine picture _____.A.ago B.before C.yet D.later
3 .—Has the foreigner been to many interesting places in Beijing?
—Yes,but he has not _____ been to many other parts of China.
A.already B.still C.yet D.never
4.You don't need to describe her. I _her several times. A had met B.have met C.met D. meet
八、布置作业: 《同步练习册》SectionB
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