代词和数词
【考点分析】
代词
1.人称代词主格与宾格的用法;
2.名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法;
3.反身代词的用法;
4.指示代词this, that, these, those的用法;
5.表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较;
6.some,any的用法辨析;
7.each, every的用法辨析;
8.(a) little,(a)few,a bit的用法辨析;
9.替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法辨析;
10.another, (the) other(s), else; the rest的用法辨析;
11.every-,some-,any-,no-与thing,-one,-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。
数词
1.基数词的确指和不确指;
2.数词与主谓一致关系;
3.dozen和score的用法;
4.序数词与冠词的连用。
【知识点归纳】
(一)代词
代词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，也是考生容易出错的项目，因为代词具有较大灵活性。考生在做代词选择填空时最容易犯的错误是1)机械地套用语法规则;2)用汉语思维去分析题意。从高考考查情况看，高考考查最多的是不定代词，因为不定代词是整个代词中最为活跃的部分，其次是名词性物主代词和反身代词。
I.代词的分类
单数
复数
第一
人称
第二
人称
第三
人称
第一
人称
第二
人称
第三
人称
人称代词
主格
I
you
he she it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him her it
us
You
them
物主代词
形容
词性
my
your
his her its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his hers its
ours
yours
theirs
反身代词
myself
yourself
himself herself itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
指示代词
this that such
these those such
相互代词
宾格
each other one another
所有格
each other’s one another’s
不定代词
可数
one each, many, (a) few ,both, another, either., neither
不可数
much, (a) little
可数不可数
any other all some
复合
不定代词
anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything everybody nobody nothing
疑问代词
who whom whose which what
连接代词
who whom whose which what（参见专题八）
关系代词
who whom whose which that（参见专题八）
II.代词的用法
1.人称代词
①在句中作主语,用主格，在句中作宾语,则用宾格;
She teaches them physics.
②在句中作表语,常用宾格;
Who is it? It’s me.
但有时要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story.
在强调句型中,强调的是主语,故I用主格。
③两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时,其顺序是：
单数按2,3,1人称排列，复数按1,2,3人称顺序排列。
you, she and I ; we, you and they
2.物主代词
①形容词性物主代词只能作宾语
We love our motherland.
②名词性物主代词可用作主语,表语和宾语
Your coat is black while mine is red.
3.反身代词
①用作宾语、表语，或主语、宾语的同位语
He teaches himself Japanese every evening.(宾语)
She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。(表语)
I myself can repair the bike.(主语的同位语)
②常用含有反身代词的惯用语归纳
by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself独立、为自己
be oneself处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快
seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 给自己穿
devote oneself to专心于、献身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气
come to oneself苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客气
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