2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修四odule 4
知识详解
1 support　vt.& n．　支撑；扶持；拥护；维持；赡养；忍受
(回归本P32)The research was supported by the government.这项研究得到了政府的赞助。
归纳总结
例句探
①He has a large family to support.他要养一大家人。
②We support the police wholeheartedly in their work against crime.我们全力支持警方打击犯罪活动的工作。
③They signed a petition in support of the pay claim.
他们在请愿书上签名支持这次的加薪要求。
④The middle part of the bridge is supported by two huge towers.桥的中部由两个巨型桥塔支撑着。
即境活用
1．y sister was against the idea while my brother was ________it.
A．in terms of　　　　B．in support of C．in need of D．in case of
解析：选B。句意为：我的姐姐反对这个主意而我的弟弟却支持它。in support of表示“支持，赞同”；in terms of...意为“从……角度而言”；in need of...意为“需求，需要……”；in case of意为“假如，万一”。故B项正确。
2.The old man has a problem with his legs and therefore he has to________himself with a cane.
A．help B．support C．raise D．lift
解析：选B。support himself with a cane用一根拐杖撑着他自己。help sb.with sth.帮助某人某事；raise 举起；lift抬起。
2 quantity　n．　量；数量；大量
(回归本P33)A yield refers to quantity (eg of food)．
产量指的是数量(例如食物的)。
归纳总结
例句探
①(牛津P1620)It’s cheaper to buy goods in quantity.
大宗购物比较便宜。
②Your work has improved in quantity and quality this term.
本学期你的作业在数量和质量上都有提高。
③Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.
雨水把大量的泥沙冲下坡。
④It is worthwhile to spend a quantity of money in bringing up children.
在教育孩子方面花许多钱是值得的。
即境活用
3．(高考福建卷)—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water________.
A．have polluted　　　　　　　B．is being polluted
C．has been polluted D．have been polluted
解析：选D。首先，large quantities作主语，谓语要用复数，故B和C项错；另外，pollute与water是被动关系，故用其被动语态。
4.________food are stored in the tunnel in winter.
A．Large quantities of B．A great many
C．A large number of D．Quite a few
解析：选A。large quantities of后面既可跟可数名词的复数又可跟不可数名词。
3 escape　vi.　逃脱，避开，溜走
vt.　逃避，避免；被忘掉；情不自禁地发出；被……忘记；未被……注意
n．　逃，逃亡，逃跑
(回归本P39)The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.
中国人发现从管中逸出的气体能够把它推到空中。
归纳总结
【注意】　escape后常接v.­ing形式作宾语。
例句探
①There is no way to escape doing the task.
没有方法逃避这项工作。
②(牛津P676)She managed to escape from the burning car.
她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出。
③(朗P632)There’s no escaping the fact that she did actually lie to you.
不可否认的是，她的确对你撒了谎。
④Oh，yes，you’re right.It has completely escaped my memory.
噢，是的，你说得对。我把它忘得一干二净了。
即境活用
5．The flying bird is lucky enough to escape________by the hidden net the farmer spread over the fields.
A．catching　　　B．from catching C．caught D．being caught
解析：选D。句意：这只飞鸟很幸运，没有被农夫撒在田间的隐形网捕捉住。此处escape表示“逃脱，逃避”，后接动词时需用v.­ing形式，又因为the flying bird与catch之间是被动关系，故用being caught。
6.When the disaster struck many people had no time to escape________.
A．killing B．to be killed C．to kill D．being killed
解析：选D。escape后应跟动名词形式，这里考查的是动名词的被动结构。
4 clear　vt.　使清澈；使清楚；扫清
vi.　变清澈；(天)变晴；(烟雾)消散
adj.　清澈的；晴；清晰的；畅通的
(回归本P39)When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.
当烟雾散去后，万户和他的椅子都不见了。
归纳总结
例句探
①After supper，my younger brother often helps mother clear away the dishes.
晚饭后，小弟经常帮母亲收拾碟子。
②They cleared up the misunderstanding and make up.
他们消除误会和好了。
③The sky cleared after the storm.
雨过天晴。
④He made it clear that he would resign.
他明确表示他要辞职。
即境活用
7.It has been snowing for several days.I hope it________.
A.to be cleared up　　　　　　　B．to clean up
C．will clear up D．will clean up
解析：选C。hope后面不能跟不定式作宾补，排除A、B；clear up此处表示“(天)放晴”，符合题意。clean up“清理掉”。
8．(江苏启东中学)Since you want to make up with her，you should be the first to________the misunderstanding.
A．clear up B．break up C．take up D．follow up
解析：选A。A“整理，收拾；消除，解除(误解等)；(天气)放晴”；B“打碎，拆散；分裂，分解；(集会)结束”；C“占(时间、空间)；从事；拿起；继续讲述”；D“跟进，补充，采取后续行动 (加强效果)……”，这里指的是“消除误解”，所以选A。
5 bring in　请，带进；引进；赚钱；收割庄稼；逮捕
(回归本P33)Researchers were brought in from all over China.
从中国各地请研究人员。
归纳总结
例句探
①Could I just bring in some members of the audience to get their views?
我可以邀请一些观众听取他们的意见吗？
②They have brought in some advanced equipment.
他们引进了一些先进设备。
③Farmers in the south have also brought in good crops.
南方的农民也获得好收成。
④(朗P238)I’ll bring your books back on wednesday.
我星期三把书给你带回。
⑤(朗P238)The smells from the kitchen brought forth happy memories of childhood.
厨房的香味让我想起快乐的童年。
即境活用
9．The policeman________two thieves caught stealing in the supermarket.
A．brought up　　　　　 B．brought into
C．brought in D．brought out
解析：选C。句意为“警察带进两个在超市现场偷东西的小偷。”
10.To develop our country more effectively，we must________new science and technology from abroad.
A．bring up B．bring in
C．bring out D．bring about
解析：选B。bring up“养育”；bring in“引进”；bring out“出版，发挥”；bring about“引起，导致”。
6 come to power　掌权；执政
(回归本P37)Albert Einstein left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the U．S..
阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦在希特勒掌权时离开了德国去美国工作。
归纳总结
例句探
①Do you knohen the first Chinese empress came to power?
你知道中国第一位女皇帝是什么时候上台执政的吗？
②She has a lot of power over the people in her team.
她对队里的人有很大的影响力。
③I’m afraid it is beyond my power to do what you’re asking.
我恐怕不能胜任你要求做的事。
即境活用
11．He________for ten years but still doesn’t want to leave office.
A．has been in power　　　　 B．has come to power
C．took office D．came into power
解析：选A。因有表示一段时间的时间状语for ten years，故选用表示状态的be in power。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】　Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world’s first astronaut？(P39)
还是他被带到了数英里之外的太空，成了世界上第一位宇航员？
【句法分析】　becoming the world’s first astronaut是现在分词短语，在此处作结果状语。现在分词短语作结果状语，只能放在主句后面。
①Her parents died, leaving her a lot of debts.
她的父母去世了，给她留下很多债务。
②It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。
易混辨析
现在分词和动词不定式作结果状语的区别
(1)现在分词作结果状语通常表示一个自然而然的、意料之中的结果。例如：①any trees had been blown down by the high winds，blocking roads.
许多树被狂风刮倒，堵住了道路。
(2)不定式作结果状语表示一个出乎意料的结果。其前常加only以强调这一意外结果。例如：
②I rushed to the school，only to find it was Sunday.
我跑到学校，结果却发现那天是星期天。
即境活用
12．(沈阳模拟)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，________a record US $57.65 a barrel.
A．have reached　　　B．reaching C．to reach D．to be reaching
解析：选B。句意“油价从今年初开始至今已经上涨了32%，达到每桶57.65美元。”用v.­ing形式作结果状语。
13.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，________in the natural light during the day.
A．to let B．letting C．let D．having let
解析：选B。句意：在入口处，玻璃门已取代了木门，这样白天自然光便可照射进。to let动词不定式作目的状语时，其前不用逗号与句子隔开；作结果状语常以only to do形式出现表示出乎意料的结果。let为原形，不能用作状语。having let为分词的完成时态，表示动作在主句动词所表达的动作之前已完成，不合题意。letting是现在分词作结果状语，故选B。
2【教材原句】　The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.(P39)
这些管子被捆在一根长棍子上，这根棍子有助于让火箭保持笔直的方向前进。
【句法分析】　该句式中keep为使役动词，该句式意为“使……继续处于某种状态”。
(1)keep＋宾语(名词或代词)＋形容词。
(2)keep＋宾语(名词或代词)＋副词。
(3)keep＋宾语(名词或代词)＋名词。
(4)keep＋宾语(名词或代词)＋现在分词，其中宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系。
(5)keep＋宾语(名词或代词)＋过去分词，其中宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系。
(6)keep＋宾语(名词或代词)＋介词短语。
①Don’t keep all the windows open.
别把所有的窗子都开着。
②He kept all the lights on when he went out.
他出去时把所有的灯都开着。
③Please keep me a place in the queue.
请在队里给我留个位置。
④He kept me waiting in the rain.
他让我在雨中等。
⑤He will never keep a job half done.
他从都不会让工作半途而废。
⑥Don’t keep the child by himself at home.
别把孩子一个人留在家里。
即境活用
14．(高考全国卷Ⅱ)They use computers to keep the traffic________smoothly.
A．being run　　　　　　 B．run C．to run D．running
解析：选D。根据“keep...doing”结构得出答案。句意“他们使用计算机使交通通畅。”
15.To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English________as much as we can.
A．speak B．speaking C．spoken D．to speak
解析：选C。句意：为了把英语学好，我们应当尽可能抓住一切机会去听别人讲英语。本题关键要意识到English和speak之间是被动关系，故选C。



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