when, while, as区别详解(一)

编辑: 逍遥路 关键词: 高中英语 来源: 高中学习网


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一、根据从句动作的持续性来区分

1. “主短从长”型:即主句是一个短暂性的动作,而从句是一个持续性动作,此时三者都可用。如:

Jim hurt his arm while [when, as] he was playing tennis. 吉姆打网球时把手臂扭了。

As [When, While] she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient. 她在等火车时,变得很不耐烦。

注意:as用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在……期间”时,其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作(action)和发展(development)意味的动词,一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词(如be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等),所以下面一句中的while不能换为as:

A:I’m going to the post office. 我要去邮局。

B:While you are there, can you get me some stamps? 当你在邮局时,能帮我买几张邮票吗?

2. “主长从长”型:即主句和从句为两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态,且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间,此时通常要用while。如:

I always listen to the radio while I’m driving. 我总是一边开车一边听收音机。

He didn’t ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message. 他没有让我进去,他只顾看那张条子,让我站在门口等着(from www.nmet168.com)。

但是,若主句和从句所表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边……一边”之意时,则习惯上要用as。如:

He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路时摆动着手臂。

I couldn’t remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along. 我想不出有什么故事可给孩子讲了,只好现编现讲。

3. “主长从短”型:即主句是一个持续性动作,而从句是一个短暂性动作,此时可以用as或when,但不能用while。如:

It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。

When [As] he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时,我在听收音机。

二、根据主句与从句动作是否同时发生来区分

1. 若主句与从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作,含有类似汉语“一……就”的意思,英语一般要用as (也可用when)。如:

The ice cracked as [when] I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。

He jumped to his feet as the boss came in. 老板一进来他立刻站了起来。

但是,在hardly [scarcely]…when…句式中,不能将when换成as。如:

Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain. 我们刚一到就下起雨来了。

2. 若主句与从句表示的是两个几乎同时发生的短暂性动作,含有类似汉语“刚要……就”“正要……却”的意思,英语一般要用as(也可用when),且此时通常连用副词just。如:

I caught him just when [as] he was leaving the building. 他正要离开大楼的时候,我把他截住了。

Just as [when] the two men were leaving, a message arrived. 就在这两个人要离开的时候,突然有了消息。


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